Different types of snapdragons produce different colored flowers. If you cross a true breeding red flowered variety with a true breeding white flowered variety- the offspring will all produce pink flowers. If you cross the pink flowered plants with each other, you get 1 red, 2 pink, and 1 white flowered plant. Red flowers are so because of a pigment called anthocyanin, and the pigment is the product of a biochemical pathway consisting of several chemical reactions, each catalyzed by a specific enzyme.
Based on what you know about how genes work, please explain why the white flowers are white rather than red.
I have a question about genetics... please help!?
stop posting your homework questions
Reply:It seems to me that based on that information the white flowers are white because the gene to produce a white flower blocks the biochemical pathway that creates the anthocyanin. So, in the pink flowers the gene is only partially blocking the pathway.
Reply:I know zip about genetics.
But I do know a bit about optics, and the fact is, there are a lot of colors that humans can't see, like infared.
So maybe there are color variations going on there, but we can't see them, because they're up out of the range that we are able to see.
You know, the same way that sounds above 20,000 hz can't be heard by us, but dogs go crazy hearing them.
That doesn't mean the sound isn't happening.
So maybe these colors are actually happening.
Just a while guess.
Reply:ok you know that the genotype of the first generation are all heterozygouse, red and white, which is why you get all pink flowers (red +white= pink) in this case you know that the alleles red and white are not dominant or recessive with respect to one another. each flower from the first generation has red allele R and a white allele W, so if you cross the two together you get (do the punnet square)
...R.....W
R RR RW
W RW WW
you have one offspring RR which is red, two are RW which means they are pink, and one is WW which means its only white.... hope this made any sence....
Reply:ah... looks like someone's still in school
Reply:To visualize how combining two pink flowers could produce a red, 2 pink and 1 white, draw a square. Draw a cross in the middle of the square so there are 4 sections. We will label colors as follows RR = red, Rr = pink, rr = white. Now go to your box. Both flowere are pink so they are Rr. On the top left of your box write R and on the top right write r. That represents one pink (Rr) flower. Now go to the left side of your box. On the top left write R and on the bottom left write r. This represents the other pink flower. Now lets put them together. At the top left of the box you will find an R. Put this in the top left square. Now go to the side of the box. The top left has an R. Put that in the top left square. It should have RR in it which means a red flower. Now go to the top right of the box which has an r and put it into the top right section. Go to the left side of the box at the top where you will find an R. Put this in the top right section. You will have an Rr in that box which means a pink flower. If you combine the R on the top left and the r on the bottom side you will get another Rr - pink flower. Finally, if you put the r from the top right in the bottom right section and the r from the bottom of the left side into the bottom right section, you will have rr - a white flower.What you just made was a punnett square used in genetics to determine the probability of certain traits in offsprings. Dominant features are represented by a capital letter and recessive features by a small letter. Try your square with eye color. Brown is dominant and blue is recessive. Brown will be represented by B and blue by b. Wherever there is a B, the eye color will be brown so you could only have blue eyes with bb. Pretend your parents both have brown eyes but are carrying the recessive gene "b" for blue eyes. They each would be represented by Bb. Set up your punnett square with B and b on the top and B and b on the side. Cross them like you did with flowers and you will see that the chances are that 1 offspring will be BB - that is homonenous (the same dominant genes) for brown eyes. 2 of the offsprings will have brown eyes but they have Bb - genes for both brown and blue eyes (called heterogenous ) but end up with brown eyes because brown is dominant. In one square you will have bb and that offspring will have blue eyes. It's kind of fun and you can use this with all kinds of traits to predict the possibilities of outcomes for different traits in offsprings. Kind of long but I hope it helped you understand.
Reply:In snapdragons the allele for Red colour (R) is incompletely dominant to White (W)
Parental RR X WW
gametes R W
F1 All RW (an intermediate which are pink)
RW X RW
gametes R, W R, W
F2 1 RR : 2RW : 1WW
Hope this helps!
Tuesday, January 24, 2012
Biology questions! It'd be great if you could help me.?
1 An extensive system of internal membranes, called the ___ is where carbohydrates and lipids are manufactured %26amp; proteins are made that will be exported from the cell.
2 Two organelles that are believed to have once been free-living bacterial cells are __.
3 In snapdragons, pink-flowered plants are produced when red-flowered plants are crossed wth white-flowered plants. This type of inheritance can be best described as what?
4 The RNA copy of DNA that leaves the nucleus %26amp; travels to the cytoplasm to make proteins is what?
5 The nucleotide sequences on DNA that actually have information encoding a sequence of amino acids are what?
6 The enzyme used to make a DNA copy complementary to processed mRNA is what?
7 How many genes constitute the human genome?
8 DNA that jumps from one chromosome to another are?
Thanks so much!
Biology questions! It'd be great if you could help me.?
1) endoplasmic reticulum ( or, perhaps Golgi body )
2.) mitochondria and chloroplasts
3.) incomplete dominance
4.) mRNA ( messenger )
5.) exons ( or codons )
6.) polymerase
7.) 22 to 33 thousand ( this is not settled )
8.) transpnsons ( jumping genes )
Reply:You should do your own homework and search into your textbooks!!
1 Golgi Apparatus (or Golgi Body)
2 Chloroplasts and mitochondria (due to some symbiosis history)
3 Codominance/ Incomplete dominance/ Blending inheritance
4 mRNA (messenger RNA)
5 codons (please please read your textbooks; three nucleotide sequences is called one codon, which codes for one amino acid)
6 RNA-dependent DNA polymerase (because it works on mRNA so we have the term "RNA-dependent", and because it produces DNA so we have the term "DNA polymerase")
7 approximately 25,000 (source from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_Genom...
8 Tranposons (the jumping genes)
Reply:You need to start searching by your own! It's important, otherwise your not going to learn anything, or less read it and the biology is too interesting for not to read it
2 Two organelles that are believed to have once been free-living bacterial cells are __.
3 In snapdragons, pink-flowered plants are produced when red-flowered plants are crossed wth white-flowered plants. This type of inheritance can be best described as what?
4 The RNA copy of DNA that leaves the nucleus %26amp; travels to the cytoplasm to make proteins is what?
5 The nucleotide sequences on DNA that actually have information encoding a sequence of amino acids are what?
6 The enzyme used to make a DNA copy complementary to processed mRNA is what?
7 How many genes constitute the human genome?
8 DNA that jumps from one chromosome to another are?
Thanks so much!
Biology questions! It'd be great if you could help me.?
1) endoplasmic reticulum ( or, perhaps Golgi body )
2.) mitochondria and chloroplasts
3.) incomplete dominance
4.) mRNA ( messenger )
5.) exons ( or codons )
6.) polymerase
7.) 22 to 33 thousand ( this is not settled )
8.) transpnsons ( jumping genes )
Reply:You should do your own homework and search into your textbooks!!
1 Golgi Apparatus (or Golgi Body)
2 Chloroplasts and mitochondria (due to some symbiosis history)
3 Codominance/ Incomplete dominance/ Blending inheritance
4 mRNA (messenger RNA)
5 codons (please please read your textbooks; three nucleotide sequences is called one codon, which codes for one amino acid)
6 RNA-dependent DNA polymerase (because it works on mRNA so we have the term "RNA-dependent", and because it produces DNA so we have the term "DNA polymerase")
7 approximately 25,000 (source from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_Genom...
8 Tranposons (the jumping genes)
Reply:You need to start searching by your own! It's important, otherwise your not going to learn anything, or less read it and the biology is too interesting for not to read it
Whats your favorite?
1.) What song reminds you of Summer?
2.) Favorite spring time flower?
3.) Do you prefer the beach or mountain springs?
4.) Favorite Romantic summer movie?
5.) favorite summer activity?
6.)something in summer your looking forward to?
1.) Favorite summer song is mostly anything from 1998 they remind me of Block parties. but if just one than "To Close" by kc and jo jo
2.) love the smell of Hycinthinyas. (sp?) but snapdragons or tiger lilies
3.) love the beach but dont mind mountain springs.
4.) The Notebook
5.)Swimming and clubbing every nights a party during the summer!!
6.) Going to Disney!!!!
Whats your favorite?
1. summertime
2. daffodil
3. beach
4. still like WHERE THE BOYS ARE, original movie
5. grilling out with the kids, biking with my husband,swimming at midnite in the pool with my husband, summer vacations
6. my sons wedding, moving into our new home, vacation the whole month of August
Reply:.) What song reminds you of Summer? Summer time by will smith and DJ Jazzy Jeff
2.) Favorite spring time flower?Gerbra daisy's
3.) Do you prefer the beach or mountain springs? the beach
4.) Favorite Romantic summer movie?Steele magnolias
5.) favorite summer activity? CAMPING for sure!!
6.)something in summer your looking forward to? my husbands schedule to change so we can have days off together, and maybe get to go camping.
Reply:1.) What song reminds you of Summer?it is a music video but it is by the Jets-Look what you've done
2.) Favorite spring time flower?idk what grows
3.) Do you prefer the beach or mountain springs?mountain springs
4.) Favorite Romantic summer movie?i don't have one
5.) favorite summer activity?swimming
6.)something in summer your looking forward to?going to my friends house in new york
riding boots
2.) Favorite spring time flower?
3.) Do you prefer the beach or mountain springs?
4.) Favorite Romantic summer movie?
5.) favorite summer activity?
6.)something in summer your looking forward to?
1.) Favorite summer song is mostly anything from 1998 they remind me of Block parties. but if just one than "To Close" by kc and jo jo
2.) love the smell of Hycinthinyas. (sp?) but snapdragons or tiger lilies
3.) love the beach but dont mind mountain springs.
4.) The Notebook
5.)Swimming and clubbing every nights a party during the summer!!
6.) Going to Disney!!!!
Whats your favorite?
1. summertime
2. daffodil
3. beach
4. still like WHERE THE BOYS ARE, original movie
5. grilling out with the kids, biking with my husband,swimming at midnite in the pool with my husband, summer vacations
6. my sons wedding, moving into our new home, vacation the whole month of August
Reply:.) What song reminds you of Summer? Summer time by will smith and DJ Jazzy Jeff
2.) Favorite spring time flower?Gerbra daisy's
3.) Do you prefer the beach or mountain springs? the beach
4.) Favorite Romantic summer movie?Steele magnolias
5.) favorite summer activity? CAMPING for sure!!
6.)something in summer your looking forward to? my husbands schedule to change so we can have days off together, and maybe get to go camping.
Reply:1.) What song reminds you of Summer?it is a music video but it is by the Jets-Look what you've done
2.) Favorite spring time flower?idk what grows
3.) Do you prefer the beach or mountain springs?mountain springs
4.) Favorite Romantic summer movie?i don't have one
5.) favorite summer activity?swimming
6.)something in summer your looking forward to?going to my friends house in new york
riding boots
5 Quick Mendelian Genetics Questions! Studying for test, but I don't have an answer key to check?
1. Simon has brown eyes and allele "b" and allele "B" at the eye color locus. What is his genotype?
Question 1 answers
a. Bb
b. B
c. b
d. Brown eyes
2. A somatic cell has two copies of each chromosome (forming a homologous pair) and thus _____ alleles of a gene, which may be identical or different.
Question 2 answers
a. 1
b. 2
c. 4
d. 2 or 4, depending on the type of chromosome.
3. Mendel's Law of Segregation states that different allele pairs segregate independently during gamete formation.
Question 3 answers
a. True
b. False
4. Snapdragons exhibit incomplete dominance. If R=red flowers and r=white flowers, which of the following crosses would yield the highest number of pink flowers?
Question 4 answers
a. RR x Rr
b. Rr x Rr
c. RR x rr
d. rr x Rr
5. What is the characteristic result of a simple dihybrid cross between two individuals heterozygous at both loci?
Question 5 answers
a. 9:3:3:1 phenotype ratio
b. 1:2:1 genotype ratio
c. 3:1 phenotype ratio
d. Any, depends on cross
5 Quick Mendelian Genetics Questions! Studying for test, but I don't have an answer key to check?
1a
2b
3a
4c
5a
Reply:1. A 2. C 3. true 4. C 5. B
Question 1 answers
a. Bb
b. B
c. b
d. Brown eyes
2. A somatic cell has two copies of each chromosome (forming a homologous pair) and thus _____ alleles of a gene, which may be identical or different.
Question 2 answers
a. 1
b. 2
c. 4
d. 2 or 4, depending on the type of chromosome.
3. Mendel's Law of Segregation states that different allele pairs segregate independently during gamete formation.
Question 3 answers
a. True
b. False
4. Snapdragons exhibit incomplete dominance. If R=red flowers and r=white flowers, which of the following crosses would yield the highest number of pink flowers?
Question 4 answers
a. RR x Rr
b. Rr x Rr
c. RR x rr
d. rr x Rr
5. What is the characteristic result of a simple dihybrid cross between two individuals heterozygous at both loci?
Question 5 answers
a. 9:3:3:1 phenotype ratio
b. 1:2:1 genotype ratio
c. 3:1 phenotype ratio
d. Any, depends on cross
5 Quick Mendelian Genetics Questions! Studying for test, but I don't have an answer key to check?
1a
2b
3a
4c
5a
Reply:1. A 2. C 3. true 4. C 5. B
Do I need the whole root of my foxglove seedlings when I thin them out? They are way too thick!?
They are very spindly like a vine, when I pulled a section up there was not much root. They are about 2 inches high, and I am a first year gardener, so any tips on this or anything else about thinning would be great. I also planted cosmos, delphinium, larkspur, sweet pea(mammoth), snapdragons, canterbury bells....and four o'clocks as a border around the south side of my garden and caladium borders my other sides......When should i stake my tall flowers? Have a Q about my climbing roses but I'll save that for another time. Thanx in advance.
Do I need the whole root of my foxglove seedlings when I thin them out? They are way too thick!?
when you thin, are you trying to replant the one you plucked out? if you are then yes you need to get all the root.. soak the area and gently pull out of soil, replant immediately...
your garden sounds lovely and good luck
concealer
Do I need the whole root of my foxglove seedlings when I thin them out? They are way too thick!?
when you thin, are you trying to replant the one you plucked out? if you are then yes you need to get all the root.. soak the area and gently pull out of soil, replant immediately...
your garden sounds lovely and good luck
I'd just like some opinions on my wedding ideas, please.?
Hi everyone! I got engaged two days ago and I'm absolutely thrilled. As I'm sure many of you ladies do, I've had ideas about my wedding for awhile now. I'd appreciate if you all tell me honestly what you think about the following ideas:
1) Color scheme: bright, cheerful shades of yellow and pink. (It's a summer wedding-- July 2008).
2) Bridesmaids: I have two. One in pink with yellow bouquet, one in yellow with bouquet.
3) Flowers: Lilies and snapdragons. I will have both pink and yellow along with white in my bouquet.
4) Wedding favors: I'd like to make bookmarks with some of our favorite literary quotes. We met in a bookstore and both love to read, so I thought this would be a very personal gift to our guests.
5) We both love fantasy as well. We're going to Disneyworld for our honeymoon. I wanted to incorporate some fairy tale touches into the wedding without it being tacky. I was thinking a castle cake topper, fairy flower girl, an arch with ivy and white lights.
I'd just like some opinions on my wedding ideas, please.?
Sounds good to me except the yellow dress part. My husband's cousin had yellow bridesmaid dresses and they looked horrible on everyone except the one Italian girl in her wedding. On her the dress looked fabulous, so if your one girl has gorgeous olive skin it would be ok. Yellow doesn't look good on pale girls. Also, the dresses were completely see through which no one realized until the girls were outside at the church and you could see everyone's underwear.
I say put them all in a gorgeous pink dress (make sure they aren't see through) and then give your MOH a bigger bouquet or a different colored sash or something.
Make sure no one that has to carry the flowers is allergic to the smelly ones, like star gazer lillies. A really good alternative is alstroemerias, they're gorgeous and don't smell.
The bookmarks is a killer idea, finally a favor I would actually use. Below is a link to some really good readings, especially if you're into fantasy books. You can't go wrong with Mercedes Lackey. I love all her stuff but the wedding scene in the Owl book was fabulous.
The cake topper is cute. The fairy flower girl is going to be kind of out of place since there won't be any other fantasy things. However, I'm sure she'll be thrilled, and look fabulous.
Reply:Pink and yellow are Easter colors and not really wedding colors. However, this is your wedding and now-a-days people are doing creative things. I suggest you pick a basic color to accent your pink/yellow so the wedding won't look cheesy. Have your bridesmaids wear ivory/creme or even silver something shimmery or sheer...there bouquets could mostly the same color as their dresses with a hint of pink OR yellow. Have your groomsmen wear same color tux as the bridesmaids with yellow OR pink boutonnieres. For you reception you can incorporate the color that you didn't use in the wedding. For instance if you decided on the pink in the wedding then you should use yellow for the reception along with the ivory or creme or silver. remember the bridesmaids bouquets will have all the colors. Keep your bridesmaids dress color the same but maybe different styles with different accessories. Your flowers are great! I would probably give individual small box cakes (rum) accented with quotes on a ribbon and give your bridesmaids the bookmarks in addition with an engraved book of the date of you wedding. Make sure the fairytale theme is very romantic...Sounds great...Congrats!!!
Reply:I love that you are having HAPPY colors for a summer wedding. For our July wedding, we had those colors, plus lilac and light teal. The girls had print dresses.
Skip the fairytale stuff. Keep things mature. It's not a birthday party.
Reply:Sounds good so far!
The only thing I would change is the bridesmaids opposite-color scheme. You chose two very vibrant colors, with one in each color they may look more like pinatas than bridesmaids. I would do the same color dress and flowers for both, ex: pink dresses with yellow flowers. This creates a tighter, more unified look.
Reply:I think it all sounds very nice. colors are fine for summer. and you have a lot of your personality in there, and I am sure you will add more as you get closer! Good job
Reply:aw that sounds absolutely stunning!!
congratulations!
those ideas would be perfect =]
Reply:Hi and congratulations!
I love all your ideas except the bridesmaids dresses. To me it doesn't matter if you are having 2 or 10 bridesmaids, I just like everyone in 1 color. I think you should either pick the pink OR the yellow. Also, if the girl is in a yellow dress and is carrying yellow flowers....that won't "pop" for the photos...it will all blend together. Either choose pink dresses and yellow flowers or yellow dresses and pink flowers.
All your other ideas sound great! Good luck!
Reply:in ref to #5
i love the idea of an arch with ivy and lights
for a centerpiece idea you can make crystallized branches- save-on-crafts.com has the how to for them
you can put the branches in glass vases on the tables - put some iridescent tinsel in the base and colored led lights to add glow and fantasy to the tables
you can even hang crystals from the branches to add more sparkle
in ref to #4- i love the idea of a book mark - so versatile- the guests can use it to mark cookbooks, books they are reading for themselves or to their kids even.
in ref to #3 - i love snapdragons- that will look so pretty and different too!
in ref to #2-1 - i like the idea of lots of color. that's what i'm doing for my wedding too
PS yes i know for some reason i went backwards with my descriptions lol
Reply:All sounds very pretty. My daughter had bookmarks and I really liked that because it was useful and memorable. Pick a quote that reflects the two of you.
Reply:wow... i think that sounds really nice.. i like how you are bringing the parts of yourselves into the wedding... its showing who you really are and what brought the two of you together.. i think it sounds amazing..
Reply:Your wedding sounds absolutely beautiful! I think that sounds perfect.
Good Luck!
1) Color scheme: bright, cheerful shades of yellow and pink. (It's a summer wedding-- July 2008).
2) Bridesmaids: I have two. One in pink with yellow bouquet, one in yellow with bouquet.
3) Flowers: Lilies and snapdragons. I will have both pink and yellow along with white in my bouquet.
4) Wedding favors: I'd like to make bookmarks with some of our favorite literary quotes. We met in a bookstore and both love to read, so I thought this would be a very personal gift to our guests.
5) We both love fantasy as well. We're going to Disneyworld for our honeymoon. I wanted to incorporate some fairy tale touches into the wedding without it being tacky. I was thinking a castle cake topper, fairy flower girl, an arch with ivy and white lights.
I'd just like some opinions on my wedding ideas, please.?
Sounds good to me except the yellow dress part. My husband's cousin had yellow bridesmaid dresses and they looked horrible on everyone except the one Italian girl in her wedding. On her the dress looked fabulous, so if your one girl has gorgeous olive skin it would be ok. Yellow doesn't look good on pale girls. Also, the dresses were completely see through which no one realized until the girls were outside at the church and you could see everyone's underwear.
I say put them all in a gorgeous pink dress (make sure they aren't see through) and then give your MOH a bigger bouquet or a different colored sash or something.
Make sure no one that has to carry the flowers is allergic to the smelly ones, like star gazer lillies. A really good alternative is alstroemerias, they're gorgeous and don't smell.
The bookmarks is a killer idea, finally a favor I would actually use. Below is a link to some really good readings, especially if you're into fantasy books. You can't go wrong with Mercedes Lackey. I love all her stuff but the wedding scene in the Owl book was fabulous.
The cake topper is cute. The fairy flower girl is going to be kind of out of place since there won't be any other fantasy things. However, I'm sure she'll be thrilled, and look fabulous.
Reply:Pink and yellow are Easter colors and not really wedding colors. However, this is your wedding and now-a-days people are doing creative things. I suggest you pick a basic color to accent your pink/yellow so the wedding won't look cheesy. Have your bridesmaids wear ivory/creme or even silver something shimmery or sheer...there bouquets could mostly the same color as their dresses with a hint of pink OR yellow. Have your groomsmen wear same color tux as the bridesmaids with yellow OR pink boutonnieres. For you reception you can incorporate the color that you didn't use in the wedding. For instance if you decided on the pink in the wedding then you should use yellow for the reception along with the ivory or creme or silver. remember the bridesmaids bouquets will have all the colors. Keep your bridesmaids dress color the same but maybe different styles with different accessories. Your flowers are great! I would probably give individual small box cakes (rum) accented with quotes on a ribbon and give your bridesmaids the bookmarks in addition with an engraved book of the date of you wedding. Make sure the fairytale theme is very romantic...Sounds great...Congrats!!!
Reply:I love that you are having HAPPY colors for a summer wedding. For our July wedding, we had those colors, plus lilac and light teal. The girls had print dresses.
Skip the fairytale stuff. Keep things mature. It's not a birthday party.
Reply:Sounds good so far!
The only thing I would change is the bridesmaids opposite-color scheme. You chose two very vibrant colors, with one in each color they may look more like pinatas than bridesmaids. I would do the same color dress and flowers for both, ex: pink dresses with yellow flowers. This creates a tighter, more unified look.
Reply:I think it all sounds very nice. colors are fine for summer. and you have a lot of your personality in there, and I am sure you will add more as you get closer! Good job
Reply:aw that sounds absolutely stunning!!
congratulations!
those ideas would be perfect =]
Reply:Hi and congratulations!
I love all your ideas except the bridesmaids dresses. To me it doesn't matter if you are having 2 or 10 bridesmaids, I just like everyone in 1 color. I think you should either pick the pink OR the yellow. Also, if the girl is in a yellow dress and is carrying yellow flowers....that won't "pop" for the photos...it will all blend together. Either choose pink dresses and yellow flowers or yellow dresses and pink flowers.
All your other ideas sound great! Good luck!
Reply:in ref to #5
i love the idea of an arch with ivy and lights
for a centerpiece idea you can make crystallized branches- save-on-crafts.com has the how to for them
you can put the branches in glass vases on the tables - put some iridescent tinsel in the base and colored led lights to add glow and fantasy to the tables
you can even hang crystals from the branches to add more sparkle
in ref to #4- i love the idea of a book mark - so versatile- the guests can use it to mark cookbooks, books they are reading for themselves or to their kids even.
in ref to #3 - i love snapdragons- that will look so pretty and different too!
in ref to #2-1 - i like the idea of lots of color. that's what i'm doing for my wedding too
PS yes i know for some reason i went backwards with my descriptions lol
Reply:All sounds very pretty. My daughter had bookmarks and I really liked that because it was useful and memorable. Pick a quote that reflects the two of you.
Reply:wow... i think that sounds really nice.. i like how you are bringing the parts of yourselves into the wedding... its showing who you really are and what brought the two of you together.. i think it sounds amazing..
Reply:Your wedding sounds absolutely beautiful! I think that sounds perfect.
Good Luck!
10 pts b.a. plzzzz help!!!?
In snapdragons the inheritance of a lower color of size of leaves are examples of incomplete dominance. When red-flowered plants are crossed with white ones, all the flowers are pink. Similarly, when plants with broad leaves are crossed with plants of narrow leaves, the offspring have intermediate leaves. Cross a homozygous red-flowered, broad-leaved plant with a homozygous white-flowered narrow leaved plant. What kind of offspring are produced in the F1 generation? Now cross two of these plants and find the phenotype ration of the offspring. Explain the relationship of the 9:3:3:1 ration to the one you obtained.
Plz help..this is due monday and im a freshman in H bio and my teacher hates me and i seriously asked for help multiple times but my teach acts like i'm not even there
10 pts b.a. plzzzz help!!!?
OK, first a couple of definitions: for a simple allele (let's call it "A"), the dominant trait is "A" and the recessive is "a"; this is always the convention. Homozygous would be "AA" or "aa" and heterozygous is "Aa" or "aA". Let's say that the "A" allele is "tall" and "a" is "short". In true dominance, both "AA" and "Aa" will be a tall person; in incomplete dominance, "Aa" will be someone of medium height.
Now, on to the problem. A homozygous red, broad plant is RR-BB, and the white, narrow homozygous plant is rr-bb. So when you cross these, the first (F1) generation all have to be Rr-Bb (or rR-bB, but the convention is to always write the capital letter first). So with incomplete dominance, all the F1's will be pink-flowered with medium-width leaves.
Now these are crossed. What can you get? For the flower color you can get RR, Rr and rr, right? But in what ratio? It would be 1:2:1 since you have one RR, two Rr's and one rr (if you don't know how to get this, Google "Punnett Square"). The easiest way to add in the leaf width is to write down all the possible combinations (RRBB, RRBb, RRbb, RrBB, RrBb, Rrbb, rrBB, rrBb and rrbb). Now start going through the F2 generation--you already know that you have one RR, two Rr's and one rr. Start with the RR--it can have one BB, two Bb's and one bb. Put a little tick mark beside the nine combinations as you generate them. Now do the same with Rr--but don't forget that you have **two** of them, so you'll have to put two tick marks each time you get the genotype. Now the rr's. When you get all this done, look at the nine genotypes. If you did it right, for the nine genotypes I wrote above you should get the ratio
1:2:1:2:4:2:1:2:1. Due to incomplete dominance, the phenotype ratio will be the same! If you had true dominance, however, then the RR and Rr genotypes would be the same, as would the BB and Bb. In this case you would group RRBB,RRBb,RrBB and RrBb together. You would also group the rrBB and rrBb together, and group the Rrbb and RRbb together. If you do this, the ratio collapses to 9:3:3:1.
Hope this helps!
my rodents
Plz help..this is due monday and im a freshman in H bio and my teacher hates me and i seriously asked for help multiple times but my teach acts like i'm not even there
10 pts b.a. plzzzz help!!!?
OK, first a couple of definitions: for a simple allele (let's call it "A"), the dominant trait is "A" and the recessive is "a"; this is always the convention. Homozygous would be "AA" or "aa" and heterozygous is "Aa" or "aA". Let's say that the "A" allele is "tall" and "a" is "short". In true dominance, both "AA" and "Aa" will be a tall person; in incomplete dominance, "Aa" will be someone of medium height.
Now, on to the problem. A homozygous red, broad plant is RR-BB, and the white, narrow homozygous plant is rr-bb. So when you cross these, the first (F1) generation all have to be Rr-Bb (or rR-bB, but the convention is to always write the capital letter first). So with incomplete dominance, all the F1's will be pink-flowered with medium-width leaves.
Now these are crossed. What can you get? For the flower color you can get RR, Rr and rr, right? But in what ratio? It would be 1:2:1 since you have one RR, two Rr's and one rr (if you don't know how to get this, Google "Punnett Square"). The easiest way to add in the leaf width is to write down all the possible combinations (RRBB, RRBb, RRbb, RrBB, RrBb, Rrbb, rrBB, rrBb and rrbb). Now start going through the F2 generation--you already know that you have one RR, two Rr's and one rr. Start with the RR--it can have one BB, two Bb's and one bb. Put a little tick mark beside the nine combinations as you generate them. Now do the same with Rr--but don't forget that you have **two** of them, so you'll have to put two tick marks each time you get the genotype. Now the rr's. When you get all this done, look at the nine genotypes. If you did it right, for the nine genotypes I wrote above you should get the ratio
1:2:1:2:4:2:1:2:1. Due to incomplete dominance, the phenotype ratio will be the same! If you had true dominance, however, then the RR and Rr genotypes would be the same, as would the BB and Bb. In this case you would group RRBB,RRBb,RrBB and RrBb together. You would also group the rrBB and rrBb together, and group the Rrbb and RRbb together. If you do this, the ratio collapses to 9:3:3:1.
Hope this helps!
my rodents
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